Preface

Most likely everyone has heard of Albert Einstein's famous equation of E=mc² which is defined as {Energy} = {Mass} multiplied by {Speed of Light} squared.  Two of the parts of the equation dealing with {Energy} and {Mass}, do not require much discussion. 

The E=mc² equation itself, and the factor of light poses some very interesting thoughts and questions, where this topic gives an introductory explanation, given at a high level, and presented in layman's terms.  For the Christian there is some surprising information, when examining the equation, point to Creation by God.

Theory of Special Relativity

The theory of Special Relativity, E=mc², when discussed by scientists, along with those who specialize in the area of Quantum Physics, lets us know some important points:

• (E) which is Energy and (M) which is Mass are interchangeable in the equation.
• If there is a means of converting mass to energy then this equation lets us know how much energy is stored in the mass.  As noted in many textbooks and on many internet sources, this is why atomic and nuclear weapons are so powerful.
• When a mass is increasing in speed, the mass also increases in size.  This means that more energy is required for the mass to go faster. 
• Since more energy is required for speed to overcome the increasing size of the mass, it conveys there are limitations on how fast an object can go in our known universe in the four dimensional aspects that we are currently limited to exist and operate.  (In our Spirit Bodies, Biblical Scholars believe the limits are removed.)
• Einstein concluded that events appear to be simultaneous for one observer may not be for another observer.
• Time moves at different speeds when affected by mass, speed and gravity.
• The observed laws of physics are the same for everyone, except possibly for those who are accelerating in speed.

General Relativity

Ten years after Einstein published this Theory of Special Relativity, he further concluded many other aspects and here are two additional important points:

• Massive objects, when moving at a high rate of speed, can/will cause a change in space-time and it is felt as gravity.
• The speed of light travels at the same speed for all observers at no matter what speed the observers are traveling.

Light

An Atom is mostly empty space, where the atom is made up of electrons, protons and neutrons.  If we look at the atom's components, there are even smaller parts to the atoms that are described as composite particles that are similar to protons and neutrons.  These composite particles are known as subatomic particles. 

There are over 200 sub-atomic particles.  Some are subject to the Strong's force that are hadrons, some are not subject to the Strong's force and they are called Leptons.  A Quark is most likely the most commonly known of the hadrons.  Quarks, while never have been observed, are theoretically proven to exists and confirmed through experiments.  All of these are fascinating reads to research.

In the world of Quantum Physics, there are many whimsical names for the subatomic Particles, such as "Up quark", "Bottom quark", "Charm quark", "Up antiquark", "Bottom antiquark", "Charm antiquark" to name just a few.  Notice the "anti" named quarks, as some of the Particles are fractionally charged as positive, and these same Particles also have an anti-Particles.

The equations that make up the physics equations involving these Particles have the ability to do some very interesting things.  For example, if a positive and a negative Particle collide, they annihilate one another and can/may throw off a proton or photon.  The field of Quantum Physics is a science where events are not always guaranteed to result in the same outcome.

Photons are one of the subatomic particles that scientist speak and sometimes differ on what are the properties of it which are the source of light.

• Light has one of the unique abilities to either behave as a wave and like a particle.
• Photons do not have any mass and are capable of being created and destroyed.
• Electromagnetic radiation is composed of groups/bundles of energy from the photons.

Many of the equations in the Quantum Physics world are reversible. The idea of reversibility can possibly imply that light created particles out of nothing.  The reason is if there is annihilation when a collision happens where light is given off in the form of a Proton, then it may be possible that light can create the Positive and Negative Particles when the equation is reversed.  Some Biblical based Scientist have proposed the question is this a possibility on what happened in Genesis 1:3 when thinking in scientific terms?  While God does not give us the engineering on how He created light, it does say that God created Light.

Our whole universe is made up of Particles and anti-Particles.  The world of Quantum Physics is a science of non-causality and non-deterministic where nothing is guaranteed to always occur.  Much of the information coming out of the science of Quantum Physics is stating that it is as if every Particle in the Universe knows what the other Particles are doing and the Particles only operate one way when being "observed" and others ways when not being "observed".  This has led to some research into Quantum Entanglement, which is discussed below.

This author only has a limited very high-level understanding of this area and will give you a few quotes from Richard Feynnam, theoretical physicist, to frame the difficulty in understanding of this science:

• "If I could explain it to the average person, I wouldn't have been worth the Nobel Prize."
• "Our imagination is stretched to the utmost, not, as in fiction, to imagine things which are not really there, but just to comprehend those things which 'are' there."
• "I think it is safe to say that no one understands quantum mechanics."

Limits on Speed of Light and Black Holes

When considering the speed of light and if light can be stopped, there are many interesting scriptural references.  Consider when reading these passages, the time period that these written as given by God.  Both the Books of Job and Isaiah have estimated creation dates that are over 2500 years old, when humanity would not have even thought about the components of light and darkness.

Some of the many fascinating aspects concerning light are:

• The speed of light in a vacuum is 299,792,458 meters per second or 186,282.40 miles per second.  Equating this to distance in an hour, it is 670,616,640 miles traveled in an hour.
• In water, light slows down because of resistance and then speeds up after leaving the resistance water or any liquid.  The scientific joke is:
  "What's going on? are the light particles pushing one another to go faster after leaving the resistance of water?"
• Light is most often described as a particle which has zero mass and no weight.
• Quantum Mechanics states that Light is both a wave and also a stream of particles, which sounds at first as if there is a contradiction or paradox. 
  (a) Sir Isaac Newton believed light was a stream of particles. 
  (b) In 1906, JJ Thompson won the Noble Prize for proving electrons were particles. 
  (c) In 1937, JJ Thompson's son, won the Nobel Prize for proving electrons are waves. 
  (The two Nobel Prize mentions is not meant to be funny but it is funny.)
• Christian Scientist have speculated that at the same moments of creating light, is when God also created all Electromagnetic Frequencies.
• In the 19th Century, James Clark Maxwell discovered that light is an electromagnetic wave.  The Maxwell's work led to many other fascinating discoveries such as Heinrich Hertz proving that electricity can be transmitted in electromagnetic waves at the speed of light, where electricity shares many prosperities of light.

The question is if photons have zero mass, then what is stopping photons, light, from escaping black holes?  In Isaiah 45:7, listed above, God lets us know that He creates darkness. 

The next questions from a Biblical Perspective, is darkness simply the absence of light?  The answer appears to be no, as there is no reasons for creating darkness and Biblical Experts believe this is a reference to Black Holes which light, Photons, cannot escape. 

Regarding Black Holes and the question of light not being able to escape, the Photons contribute to the energy being generated in a Black Hole, so the Photons are then drawn into the Black Hole according to many mathematical formulas. 

No matter how intensive, exhaustive and correctly appearing the answers come out of the formulas, light continues to be filled with fascinating paradoxes and many more questions.  There are additional theories that continue to be refined and postulated such as:

• The Photons affect the space-time curvature by contributing to the energy density, which is perplexing with the zero mass but they are contributing to the other elements caught in the Black Hole space-time curvature matrix that thus pulls them in also.
• The Photons will have a mass-energy corresponding to Energy in Planck's Constant multiplied by the Photon frequency.  This aspect continues to assert that the mass is arbitrary compared with the Hawking radiation and the Black Hole's Singularity is maintained by the photons. 
• There are the possibilities that Photons are both positively and negatively charged and can change shape.

Quantum Entanglement

Quantum Entanglement's premise is mentioned because of the interesting theory that "if the Universe was in a state of Singularity" then the particles that were created after the Big Bang were at one time part of a single highly compressed particle or collection of particles.  According to a few theories, then the particles after being separated could still have a linkage with the ability to send and receive communications of some kind to one another because of the previous state of a link in the singularity.  This author is not endorsing this theory, and mentioning it for the reader's awareness.

The definition of Quantum Entanglement is defined as the ability for particles at the subatomic level to be paired to either one or more other subatomic particles, that can be separated by large distances, and have the ability to interact with each other.  This might involve sharing data, shapes, speed, behavior in terms of waves or bursts. 

There is unique circumstance that has been noted in some quantum documentation dealing with Quantum Entanglement, where quantum particles are capable of going faster than the speed of light.  Theories coming out on an explanation of this phenomenon go further past the E=mc² equation and require new mathematical models that do not exist as of the year 2019. 

In some recent news stories, there is the belief that China and possibly Russia along with the United States are experimenting with aspects of Quantum Entanglement as a means of sending and receiving data.  This would eliminate the problems with hostile interception of data by the known methods.  As an example, radio waves can be intercepted.

If Quantum Entanglement is developed and is a sustainable means of sending and receiving data, then the possibilities are almost endless for the uses.  An interesting question, with a follow-up question, that this author has not seen posted yet anywhere on the Internet research sites:

1. What if there is an environment that becomes available to receive data, consisting of all aspects of a linked particle location, that is somewhere else in the universe where we do not know the location and cannot rely on the data being received because of the unknown source? 
2. While this author does not believe in Extraterrestrials from other planets somewhere in the universe, have those involved in this research considered this possibility as a type of hostile interferences or interception from Extraterrestrials, or really the Nephilm?

Portal to other Universes through a Black Hole?

The observable part of the Black Hole has been studied and continues to perplex scientists.  Determining what occurs in the center (or centers) of a Black Hole can only be theatrically imagined.  In decades past, there were theories that Black Holes were portals to other universes, where something that exists outside of a four dimensional limitation could use the portal. 

Considering the two scriptural references Job 38:17 and 19, already sited above in this topic, there may be a conclusion from the scriptures that Black Holes are a gate to something that God created, which possibly was corrupted after the eating of the forbidden fruit by Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden.  This author's belief is the purpose of Black Holes will not be known until the Judgment Seat of Christ.

Here are two of most prominent and interesting theories concerning Black Holes:

1. Mathematical theories first yielded theories that Black Holes were portals to other universes, which led to some entertaining science-fiction books and movies. 
   (a) After the theories were published, then theories developed that stated Black Holes are closed portals, but the formulas are still being debated.
2. Some recent interesting theories, as of the year 2022, state that Black Holes are holograms where gravity and particles are "mathematically equivalent".  Enrico Rinaldi, a research scientist with the University of Michigan stated: "In Einstein’s General Relativity theory, there are no particles—there’s just space-time. And in the Standard Model of particle physics, there’s no gravity, there’s just particles," Rinaldi said. "Connecting the two different theories is a longstanding issue in physics—something people have been trying to do since the last century."

Human beings are confined to a four dimensional reality, so this eliminates the possibility of use of a Black Hole for travel as cited in many scientific theories. 

Scriptural Future Implications

Regarding the Scriptural implications:

• We all are immortal spiritual beings where we know not what we are going to be when we get our new bodies:
  (a) There is a question is what are the new bodies composed of? 
  (b) There is the theory by some Biblical Scholars that our new bodies will be made up from, light. 
  (b.1) Adam and Eve were most likely covered with light before the sin of eating the forbidden fruit. 
  (b.2) Moses omitted light in Exodus 34:35. 
• Is the Eternal Lake of Fire a place where light cannot escape, like Black Holes, where the occupants cannot escape? 
• Matthew 22:11-14 references this outer darkness (absence of the light of God), that Biblical Scholars believe is about people who have Salvation and are in Heaven, but are not allowed to participate in the Wedding Supper of the Lamb.